The Part Time Workers Essay Example for Free

The Part Time Workers Essay Introduction Working part time can be a good way of balancing ones work and personal commitments. Part-time workers have the right to be treated fairly in comparison to their full-time colleagues [icn.ch]. A part-time worker is one who works fewer hours than a full-time worker.  Theres no specific number of hours that makes one full or part-time. The reasons for working part-time vary from one individual to another. It may be that one simply wants to have a different work-life balance, or one may have caring responsibilities. Part time work means different things to different people. Part-time work may be defined as regular wage employment with hours of work substantially shorter than normal in the establishment concerned [direct.gov.uk]. It may mean working at night to some people or working during the day to others. This depends on the custom and practice of each work place. For example in developing countries night duty is viewed as a part time job whereas advanced countries adopt a system of part time employment where employees work per hour. Hence it can be implemented by day or night. The aim of this paper is to introduce the part time workers regulations 2000.This law was implemented [europa.eu] to facilitate the development of part time work on a voluntary basis. It also aimed at contributing to the flexible organization of working time in a manner that takes into account the needs of workers. It was amended in the year 2000 but came into force on 1st October 2002. Its aim was to prevent part time workers from less favourable treatment such as discrimination in redundancy, promotion, training, pension schemes and job benefits, pay and appraisal. Amendments to the part time workers regulations 2000 According to the policy of the relevant Australian government perspective [cpe.sa.gov.au], part time workers regulations were amended as follows: Part-timers must be treated at least as well as equivalent full-time workers, unless the reason why not can be objectively justified. An equivalent full-time worker is one doing a similar job on the same type of contract. 2) The regulations include temporary staff such as agency and casual workers but part time agency workers cant compare themselves to full time permanent workers. The regulations dont stop employers giving better terms to part-timers, perhaps to encourage a more balanced workforce, but the employer will need to be sure that doing this is not against other discrimination laws. 3) Part-timers must be treated at least as well as equivalent full-time workers, unless the reason why not can be objectively justified. An equivalent full-time worker is one doing a similar job on the same type of contract. 4) The regulations include temporary staff such as agency and casual workers but part time agency workers cant compare themselves to full time permanent workers. The regulations dont stop employers giving better terms to part-timers, perhaps to encourage a more balanced workforce, but the employer will need to be sure that doing this is not against other discrimination laws. 5) Employees wanting to work part time should discuss their requirements with their manager. If it is agreed that part time work can be arranged there should be a written agreement which includes the period of part time work, the actual hours of work, and the duties and responsibilities for the part time work arrangement. Any changes to these arrangements should be agreed to by both parties. 6) Employers are expected to give reasonable and positive consideration to requests to work part time. They should also provide objective justification of why vacancies are not suitable for conversion to part time.   They should develop a part time policy which ensures that employees are treated fairly and have equal access to general conditions of employment.   7) Appropriate management of part time employees is crucial. Managers need to consider ways of formally redesigning jobs to provide for part time work and ensure that part time employees are given equal access to training, development and promotional opportunities. Managers should check that the work load for part time employees is not the same as that of a full time employee and is commensurate with the hours worked [cpe.sa.gov.au]. RIGHTS OF PART TIME WORKERS Part-time workers rights are synonymous with analysing their rates of pay. In this regard, part-time workers must get at least the same hourly pay rate as a full-timer doing a similar job [eoc-law.org.uk]. This means that the part time bonus should be in proportion to the hours.   Ã‚  For example if a full time worker gets a  £1000 bonus, a part time worker working half the number of hours should get  £500. The employer should set the same working hours for enhanced overtime pay as for full timers. So the part timer might not get overtime pay until he/she has worked more than the normal hours of a full-time worker [eoc-law.org.uk]. Pension opportunities and benefits Employers should not discriminate between full-time and part-time workers over access to pension schemes [eoc-law.org.uk]. Other company benefits (such as company cars, employee discounts, and health insurance) should be given pro rata if possible. If this is not possible then the employer will have to decide whether or not to offer the benefit to everybody. Training and career development Part-time workers mustnt be excluded from training and career development opportunities [compactlaw.co.uk]. Training must be organised at times that suit most workers, including part-timers. Holidays All workers have the right to a minimum amount of annual holiday   [compactlaw.co.uk]. Many employers give more than the statutory minimum amount of holiday. Under the regulations part-timers should be treated no less favourably; this normally means that a part time worker will get a pro rata proportion of what the full-time workers get.   The employer should not round down the number of days given, because this would be unfavourable treatment, but fractions of a day might be given as hours. Sick pay, maternity, adoption and paternity leave and pay Part-timers are entitled to the same rights to sick pay and maternity, paternity and adoption leave and pay, and parental leave as full-time staff. If companies give more than the statutory entitlement, part-timers must also get these contractual benefits [compactlaw.co.uk]. Selection for promotion and transfer, or for redundancy Being part-time cant be used as a reason for selection for transfer or redundancy, or refusing a promotion, unless it can be justified objectively [eoc-law.org.uk].   A part-timer who meets the promotion requirements have the right to be promoted. A part –timer who is transferred to the hardship areas should also get the same hardship allowances as a full-timer. Flexibility in working Its important to balance your work and home life. The right to ask for flexible working aims to help employers and workers agree on work patterns that suit everyone [compactlaw.co.uk]. Any working pattern adapted to suit one’s needs. Common types of flexible working are: Part-time: this is where one works less than the normal hours, perhaps by working fewer days per week. For example, if there are forty normal working hours in five days a week, one may choose to work for three days a week. This means that the part-timer will work for twenty four hours weekly. Flexi-time: in this case, one works at his/her convenient time. There is usually a core period during which one has to work. For example one can decide to do his/her duties in the night while another person prefers to work during the day. Annualised hours: your hours are worked out over a year (often set shifts with you deciding when to work the other hours). Compressed hours: working your agreed hours over fewer days Staggered hours: different starting, break and finishing times for employees in the same workplace. Job sharing: sharing a job designed for one person with someone else Home working: working from home   Effectiveness of part time workers regulations 2000 a) When reorganising workloads employers [direct.gov.uk] must be careful to ensure that part-time workers are not treated less favourably than full-time workers, unless the employer can justify the different treatment on objective grounds. This will mean for example, making a wider range of job types open to part-timers, such as levels of management. Part-timers should be given equal opportunity to seek promotion whether the post is full-time or part-time. The Department of Trade Industry recommend as best practice that employers periodically review whether posts they are offering could be performed by part-time workers and seek to maximise the range of posts designated as suitable for part-time work or job-sharing. b) Employers need to ensure that part-time staff are not excluded from profit sharing or share option schemes as such exclusion will be unlawful [direct.gov.uk]. However, if the exclusion can be objectively justified then it may be permissible, e.g. where a pro rata entitlement to share options by part-time staff would mean their share options would be so small as to be worthless, as it would cost more to realize the shares. c) Part-timers should have the same access to occupational pension schemes as full-timers, unless exclusion can be justified on objective grounds [direct.gov.uk]. d) It is no longer acceptable to choose to make part-time workers redundant before full-time workers. This would be unlawful under the Regulations and might also amount to sex discrimination if the majority of the part-time workers were women. The criteria for selecting jobs for redundancy must be objectively justified and not cause less favourable treatment between full-timers and part-timers [direct.gov.uk]. e) As far as perks such as health insurance, staff discounts, company cars and subsidized mortgages are concerned it may not be possible to divide these on a pro rata basis for part-timers and in that case an employer can decide whether or not to withhold these benefits from part-timers, but their decision must be capable of justification on objective grounds. If ways can be found to provide the perks then they should be provided [direct.gov.uk]. For example, in the case of a company car for full-timers an employer might calculate the financial value of this perk and give that value to a part-timer pro rata by other means such as a car allowance. f) Although there is no legal right for a worker to be able to change their hours of work the employment tribunals have in the past made rulings that where women returning from maternity leave are refused part-time hours that this could amount to indirect sex discrimination. As such employers must be sensitive to requests to work part-time and look at such requests sympathetically. Employers should consider establishing written procedures for considering requests by workers to change their hours [direct.gov.uk]. Conclusion The part time workers regulation 2000 has been effective in so far as it meets the purpose of this law which was to prevent part time workers from less favourable treatment has been achieved [direct.gov.uk]. It has facilitated the elimination of part time workers discrimination. It has also helped to improve the quality of part time work. It has also facilitated the development of part time work on a voluntary basis where the worker is allowed to make choice on the working time convenient for him/her. This law has also contributed to the flexible organization of working time in a manner which takes into account the needs of employers and workers. The law has also ensured that there is an agreement between the employer and the employee on various issues. These issues [direct.gov.uk] include: How the hours of work will be divided Communication strategy to be put in place Clearly defined roles and responsibilities for each employee Continuity strategy to be put in place Review arrangements to be put in place. Part time workers in this country will therefore have a reason to work in an environment of increased security, both of personal rights and freedoms, and those related to employment. Works Cited Advantages of claiming under the Part-Time Workers Regulations http://www.eoc-law.org.uk/Default.aspx?page=2676 [Cited: 19 July 2007]    Amendments To The Part-Time Workers (Prevention Of Less Favourable Treatment) Regulations 2000 http://www.dti.gov.uk/employment/workandfamilies/part-time/page19035.html [Crown copyright 2007]    Council Directive 97/81/EC of 15 December 1997 concerning the Framework Agreement on parttime working concluded by UNICE, CEEP and the ETUC. [ See amending acts ] http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/cha/c10416.htm    Equal Opportunities Commision.   http://www.eoc.org.uk/default.aspx?page=15286 [Cited: 12 June 2007] Flexible working and work-life balance: an introduction http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Employment/Employees/WorkingHoursAndTimeOff/DG_10029491    Key Skills Development Through Part-Time Voluntary Work http://www.corporate.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/iiabf?ii_app=modcatprocname=displaymodulecrse_cd=01997acdmc_sssn_cd=04/05    Part-time work. http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Employment/Employees/EmploymentContractsAndConditions/DG_10027738    Part-time Employment http://www.icn.ch/pspart-time00.htm [Cited: 2000] Steps for introducing part time and job share arrangements http://www.cpe.sa.gov.au/policy.asp?a=viewid=15572view_id=15615o=idL1=854idL2=69idL3=idL4=       The Part-Time Workers (Prevention of Less Favourable Treatment) Regulations 2000 http://www.compactlaw.co.uk/free_legal_articles/part_time_workers_regs_2000.html    Why I Started a Virtual Company http://members.aol.com/nancyds/ess-telecom.html

The Movie Amarcord Essay -- essays research papers fc

The movie Amarcord was directed by Federico Fellini and shot in 1974. The setting of the story is a small town in Italy during the time period of the 1930’s. In my research, I discovered that Mr. Fellini based most of his movies on his life experiences. The town depicted in this movie is Rimini, his home town. He was a well known director who was not afraid to express his characters’ emotions and actions in bizarre or unorthodox ways. The scene I watched opens with a young man, Titta, stopping by a tobacco store to purchase a cigarette. The shopkeeper is a robust, very well-endowed older women. When he walks in, the fat woman is all alone. Titta is skinny and immature and wants to prove his strength by claiming he can lift the fat woman off the ground. The fat woman closes the door for privacy and lets Titta try. He is so determined that Titta accomplishes this feat by lifting her more than once. Titta is sweating a great deal and breathing so heavy after this that he has to sit down to get his breath. As Titta struggles to lift her, the fat woman has a look of ecstasy on her face as if she was engaged in sexual activity. The next thing that happens is the fat woman opens her sweater and whips out her breasts. Titta is inexperienced and does not know how to handle the situation. He’s not sure what he’s supposed to do. The fat woman tells him to suck her breasts. Titta tries to please her, but again b ecause he is inexperienced. He struggles to give her sexual satisfaction by continuing to suck and ask if he is doing it right. The fat woman becomes frustrated because she has not reached her sexual peak and rebuffs Titta. The next thing you know she gives him a cigarette and tells him to leave. Titta is too tired and weak to open the door, so the fat woman says she’ll do it and opens it easily. The director used the camera angles to illustrate the emotions of the two characters. The camera focused on the fat woman’s big girth when Titta first walked into the shop and again when he was trying to lift her. There were several close-up shots of the woman’s face depicting sexual arousal as he was trying to lift her and again as he was sucking on her breasts. The close-up shots of Titta’s face were also well done because they showed him sweating and making these strange facial expressions because she was too heavy. You could tell from the close-up shots of his fac... ... the director, Federico Fellini, did a brilliant job in creating this movie. The varying camera angles and lighting techniques helped to make the film seem true to life. In my opinion, the movie did not have a specific plot. I believe it was more of an attempt to look at life through a young man’s fantasies. The movie received several awards including an Academy Award in 1975 for Best Foreign Language Film, New York Film Critics Circle Awards for Best Director and Best Film (1974), and Best Foreign Language Film (1974) from National Board of Review. If you like farcical comedy, then you would enjoy this movie. I would recommend it for adults of all ages. Bibliography Amarcord. Dir. Federico Fellini. Screenplay Federico Fellini and Tonino Guerra. Perf. Magali Noel and Bruno Zanin. S.C. Produzzioni S.R.L – P.E.C.F. 1974 Giannetti, Louis and Scott Eyman. Flash-back: A Brief History of Film. 4th ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc, 2001. Internet Movie Database Inc. Amarcord IMDb. 2002. Juggling Information Service. Amarcord – Juggling. 2000. . . FILM APPRECIATION SECOND PAPER

Professional Studies Essay

The word ethics originates from the Greek term ethos. Ethos means customs, habitual usage, conduct, and character. The study of ethics has led to establishing key nursing principles such as, autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, veracity, confidentiality, accountability and fidelity. These key principles help nurses deal with ethical or legal dilemmas. Ethics help by identifying standards, create a framework for ethical dilemmas and maintain human rights, and ethical values. Ethics help to make nurse practice safe, but also promote a positive outcome for the patient. This essay explores and identifys legal and ethical issues, from a case study, that nurses are faced with every day. The Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia was first developed in 1993 under the auspices of the Australian Nursing Council Inc. , Royal College of Nursing, Australia and the Australian Nursing Federation. In 2000 these peak organisations agreed to undertake a joint project to review the Code of Ethics. The Code of Ethics is supported by the Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia. While the Code of Ethics focuses on the ethics and ideals of the profession, the Code of Professional Conduct identifies the minimum requirements for practice in the profession, and focuses on the clarification of professional misconduct and unprofessional conduct. The two Codes, together with published practice standards, provide a framework for nursing. Individuals have the right to make decisions related to their own health care, based on accurate and complete information given by health care providers. Nurses must be satisfied that they have the person’s consent for any care or treatment they are providing. If individuals are not able to provide consent for themselves, nurses have a role in ensuring that valid consent is obtained from the appropriate substitute decision- maker. Nurses have a responsibility to inform people about the nursing care that is available to them, and people are entitled morally to accept or reject such care. Nurses have a responsibility to respect the decisions made by each individual. his principle states that an ethical theory should allow people to reign over themselves and to be able to make decisions that apply to their lives. This means that people should have control over their lives as much as possible because they are the only people who completely understand their chosen type of lifestyle. Each man deserves respect because only he has had those exact life experiences and understands his emotions, motivations and body in such an intimate manner. In essence, this ethical principle is an extension of the ethical principle of beneficence because a person who is independent usually prefers to have control over his life experiences in order to obtain the lifestyle that he enjoys The principle of beneficence guides the ethical theory to do what is good. This priority to â€Å"do good† makes an ethical perspective and possible solution to an ethical dilemma acceptable. This principle is also related to the principle of utility, which states that we should attempt generate the largest ratio of good over evil possible in the world (2). This principle stipulates that ethical theories should strive to achieve the greatest amount of good because people benefit from the most good. This principle is mainly associated with the utilitarian ethical theory found in the following section of this paper. An example of â€Å"doing good† is found in the practice of medicine in which the health of an individual is bettered by treatment from a physician (1,2).

Different Styles Of Traditional Thai Ensembles - 808 Words

There are two different, traditional Thai ensembles. Neither type of ensemble has a specific name, however, they can be easily differentiated by the different types of instruments they use. One type of ensemble consists mainly of string and melodic percussion instruments (Morton, 1976). This same ensemble is responsible for providing music for plays and other stage acts. The most well-known style of music that the string and melodic percussion ensembles would perform is Pi-phat. This expression of music is distinguishable by its fast, flashy tempo and unique instruments (â€Å"Music of Thailand†, 2013). Pi-phat is audibly recognizable by the pinai, a shrill quadruple reed oboe-like instrument which is always accompanied by melodic percussion.†¦show more content†¦The origin of xylophones can be traced back to Africa and several early Asian civilizations, but it is has a Greek name that means â€Å"wood sound† (â€Å"Percussion Instruments†, 2015). It was greatly used in Thailand in folk music and traditional Thai music. Both traditional and folk Thai music share similar characteristics; both use some of the same melodic percussion instruments, and among these instruments are xylophones. Xylophones are melodic percussion instruments that consist of a series of wooden bars graduated in length to produce the musical scale, supported by belts of straw or felt (â€Å"Xylophone†, Merriam-Webster). These instruments are traditionally played by striking the wooden bars with two small wooden hammers. In modern times, xylophones are used in ensembles around the world. A modern xylophone has its wooden bars, or keys, arranged like the keys of the piano and attached to the bottom of the wooden bars are metal tubes called resonators, where the sound vibrates. The resonators gives the xylophone its bright, bell-like sound (â€Å"Percussion Instruments†, 2015). It is considered to have a soprano pitch due to its shrill sound. In orchestras, xylophones are played with four mallets instead of the traditional two mallet method (Cherrett, 2011). They are also played using mallets of other materials rather than the traditional wooden hammers. Xylophones can be played with mallets of different hardnessesShow MoreRelatedAn Exploration of the Malay Kompang2937 Words   |  12 PagesArabic Influences 7 2.2 Portuguese Influences 9 2.3 Thai Influences 11 2.4 African Influences 12 Chapter 3: Future Changes in the Malay Kompang 14 3.1 Pop and Media Influences 14 3.2 Western Influences 15 Chapter 4: Conclusion 16 Bibliography 17 Discography/ Videography 19 Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Kompang The Malay Kompang ensemble refers to a Malay drum ensemble that ranges between three performers in a small chamber or accompanimentRead MorePalawan Vocal Music4111 Words   |  17 PagesMalaysia are greatly associated with their culture and roots. The stage of development of Malaysian instruments are great. Musical ensembles types of performances in Malaysia * Agung and Kulintang * Used in funerals and weddings in East Malaysia. * Kertok * Consist of xylophones played swiftly and rhythmically in traditional Malay function. Dikir Barat It is performed by singing in groups and often a competitive manner usually with percussion instrumental